Alerts

The Woeful State of Saudi Finances

Saudi Arabia has experienced budgetary deficits in every year since 1983, in sharp contrast with its large surpluses of the previous decade. Between 1983 and 1992 the cumulative deficits of Saudi Arabia amounted to $141 billion, while in the previous decade its cumulative surpluses had totalled $107 billion.

Some German Jewish Orthodox Attitudes Toward the Land of Israel and the Zionist Movement

German Orthodoxy in the Wilhelmine and Weimar periods presents an interesting case study in Jewish attitudes toward Israel and the diaspora. The German Orthodox minority, no more than ten to twenty percent of German Jewry after World War I, participated with the majority of German Jews in a whole-hearted affirmation of German culture (in German Zionist parlance: Galutbejahung). As with all German Jews, German culture had become definitive of their very identity as Jews. Despite their commitment to Jewish observance, the German Orthodox had more in common with their less observant or non-observant brethren than with the historic Jewish traditional culture of Eastern Europe.

Jews, Israelis and Citizens – National Identity and Patterns of Political Involvement among Israeli Adolescents

Young Israeli Jews undergo a unique process of political socialization during which they are required to develop two distinct, yet closely related national identities? Israeli identity
and Jewish identity. Simultaneously, they also develop various political orientations essential in any democratic society. This survey study focuses on the national identities and the patterns of political socialization and involvement among 456 junior high and high school students in Israel. The study focuses on the interrelations between Israeli, Jewish, and civic political orientations and examines the changes which occur during adolescence as well as the differences among subcultures defined according to various background variables of the respondents.

Religious Values and Political Expediency – Australia and the Question of Jerusalem: 1947-1950

Australia’s crucial role in the UN decision of 9 December 1949 to internationalize the whole city of Jerusalem and Bethlehem emanated from the mistaken belief of the Minister
of External Affairs, H. V. Evatt, that many Catholic votes could be won by that initiative. The campaign in Australia to that end by some quarters in the Catholic Church clearly demonstrates very obvious anti-Semitic attitudes within its hierarchy. The policy of the Liberal-Country Party government regarding Jerusalem reflects the dilemma of a government forced by circumstances to continue pursuing a policy which it had fundamentally rejected.

The Social, Cultural and Political Impact of Zionism in Libya (Research Note)

The development of the Zionist movement in Libya was an evolutionary process which brought changes in ways of thinking and behavior without detaching completely from tradition. New social and economic elements entered public life (lower middle class and women) and changes took place in education (modern Hebrew language and literature and modern Jewish history). This is not to say, however, that those social elements did not have any part in public life beforehand, but now their involvement became a mainstream one. Similarly, traditional education did not cease, and the old political guard continued to exist: the official communal leadership was manned by it, and Zionist leaders were observant Jews who were backed by many rabbis. Despite the growing involvement of women, they hardly reached leadership positions. The impact of the Zionists.

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